Back in 1787, there were some people that didn't want the constitution to be the main law that controlled the way they lived their lives, and due to that, the constitution had to be brought to the people and be debated and scrutinized before anything could happen. Congress however didn't want to wait for the people and instead directed the stae legislatures to call ratification conventions in each state but it was Article VII that stated that nine states had to ratify the constitution in order for it to go into effect.
People were afraid of many different things when it came to the ratification, for instance, many people believed that the constitution gave too much power to the central government at the expenses of the states and that a representative government could not bare to manage a republic his large. Another major issue that people found was that the constitutional Convention had failed to adopt a bill of right proposed by George Mason. In New York, some people were so frightened as to what might happen to them if people uncover that he/she is against the ratification, that they wrote essays in the newspaper under a different name.
Where there's a great debate, there are people that are opposed to the topic, and there are people that are for it, and in this debate/topic it was the federalist's that were for it. They successfully countered most of the debates that many people had and when Madison said that the Bill of Rights was something that needed to be put into affect, the federalist's were the first people to say that it would.
After ten long, grueling months, nine states officially approved the constitution and it was Massachusetts that a real test for ratification happened when they fully recorded the debates and discovered that the recommendation for the bill of rights proved to be remedy for the logjam in the ratifying convention. There were even some states that originally rejected the Constitution that later called for a ratifying convention and would approve. Though ratifying the constitution was hard, nobody ever said that making a difference was going to please everybody or be easy.
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